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Bullying
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Bullying is the use of force, threat, or coercion to abuse, intimidate, or aggressively dominate others. The behavior is often repeated and habitual. One essential prerequisite is the perception, by the bully or by others, of an imbalance of social or physical power. Behaviors used to assert such domination can include verbal harassment or threat, physical assault or coercion, and such acts may be directed repeatedly towards particular targets. Rationalizations for such behavior sometimes include differences of social class, race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, appearance, behavior, body language, personality, reputation, lineage, strength, size or ability. If bullying is done by a group, it is called mobbing. Bullying can be defined in many different ways. The UK has no legal definition of bullying, while some U.S. states have laws against it. Bullying is divided into four basic types of abuse – emotional (sometimes called relational), verbal, physical, and cyber. It typically involves subtle methods of coercion, such as intimidation.Bullying ranges from simple one-on-one bullying to more complex bullying in which the bully may have one or more "lieutenants" who may seem to be willing to assist the primary bully in his or her bullying activities. Bullying in school and the workplace is also referred to as peer abuse. Robert W. Fuller has analyzed bullying in the context of rankism.A bullying culture can develop in any context in which animals interact with each other. This includes school, family, the workplace, home, and neighborhoods. In a 2012 study of male adolescent American football players, "the strongest predictor was the perception of whether the most influential male in a player's life would approve of the bullying behavior".
^ "Children who are bullying or being bullied". Cambridgeshire County Council: Children and families. Cambridgeshire County Council. 2013-07-24. Retrieved 2013-10-28.
^ Ericson, Nels (June 2001). "Addressing the Problem of Juvenile Bullying". OJJDP Fact Sheet #FS-200127 (U.S. Department of Justice: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention) 27. Retrieved 2013-10-28.
^ Noa Davenport; Ruth Distler Schwartz; Gail Pursell Elliott (1999-07-01). Mobbing: Emotional Abuse in the American Workplace. Civil Society Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9671803-0-4. Retrieved 2013-10-28.
^ "The University of Manchester Dignity at Work and Study Policy". The University of Manchester. January 2012. Retrieved 2013-10-28.
^ "State Laws Related to Bullying Among Children and Youth". U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Health Resources and Services Administration - Maternal and Child Health Bureau. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved 2013-10-28.
^ Brank, Eve M.; Hoetger, Lori A.; Hazen, Katherine P. (December 2012). "Bullying". Annual Review of Law and Social Science (Annual Reviews) 8: 213–230. doi:10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-102811-173820. Retrieved 2013-10-28.
^ Elizabeth Bennett (1 January 2006). Peer Abuse Know More!: Bullying from a Psychological Perspective. Infinity. ISBN 978-0-7414-3265-0. Retrieved 2013-10-29.
^ Steinfeldt, Jesse A.; Vaughan, Ellen L.; LaFollette, Julie R.; Steinfeldt, Matthew C. (October 2012). "Bullying among adolescent football players: Role of masculinity and moral atmosphere". Psychology of Men and Masculinity (American Psychological Association) 13 (4): 340–353. doi:10.1037/a0026645. Retrieved 2013-10-28.
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Created By:
System
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