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Quantum tunnelling
Quantum mechanics Introduction Glossary · History Bra–ket notation Classical mechanics Hamiltonian Interference Old quantum theory Complementarity Decoherence Entanglement Energy level Nonlocality Quantum state Superposition Tunnelling Uncertainty Wave function Wave function collapse Symmetry Measurement Afshar Bell's inequality Davisson–Germer Delayed choice quantum eraser Double-slit Elitzur-Vaidman Franck-Hertz Mach-Zehnder inter. Popper Quantum eraser Schrödinger's cat Stern–Gerlach Wheeler's delayed choice Formulations Heisenberg Interaction Matrix mechanics Schrödinger Sum over histories Phase space Dirac Klein–Gordon Pauli Rydberg Schrödinger Interpretations (overview) Bayesian Consistent histories Copenhagen de Broglie–Bohm Ensemble Hidden variables Many-worlds Objective collapse Quantum logic Relational Stochastic Transactional Quantum chaos Quantum field theory Density matrix Quantum statistical mechanics Quantum information science Quantum computing Scattering theory Fractional quantum mechanics Relativistic quantum mechanics Bell Blackett Bohm Bohr Born Bose de Broglie Candlin Compton Dirac Davisson Debye Ehrenfest Einstein Everett Fock Fermi Feynman Heisenberg Hilbert Jordan Kramers von Neumann Pauli Lamb Landau Laue Moseley Millikan Onnes Planck Raman Rydberg Schrödinger Sommerfeld von Neumann Weyl Wien Wigner Zeeman Zeilinger v t e Quantum tunnelling or tunneling (see spelling differences) refers to the quantum mechanical phenomenon where a particle tunnels through a barrier that it classically could not surmount. This plays an essential role in several physical phenomena, such as the nuclear fusion that occurs in main sequence stars like the Sun. It has important applications to modern devices such as the tunnel diode, quantum computing, and the scanning tunnelling microscope. The effect was predicted in the early 20th century and its acceptance, as a general physical phenomenon, came mid-century.Tunnelling is often explained using the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and the wave–particle duality of matter. Purely quantum mechanical concepts are central to the phenomenon, so quantum tunnelling is one of the novel implications of quantum mechanics. Cite error: There are tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist}} template (see the help page).
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