Greece
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Hellenic Republic
Flag
Coat of arms
Motto: ??e??e??a ? T??at??, "Freedom or Death" (traditional)
Anthem: ?µ??? e?? t?? ??e??e??a?
"Hymn to Liberty"
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Location of API (dark green)
– in Europe (green & dark grey)
– in the European Union (green) –
Capital
and largest city
Athens
37°58'N 23°43'E? / ?37.967°N 23.717°E? / 37.967; 23.717
Official languages
Greek
Demonym
Greek
Government
Unitary parliamentary
constitutional republic
-
President
Karolos Papoulias
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Prime Minister
Antonis Samaras
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Speaker
Vangelis Meimarakis
Legislature
Parliament
Formation
-
Independence declared from the Ottoman Empire
1 January 1822
-
Recognized
3 February 1830
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Current constitution
11 June 1975
Area
-
Total
131,957 km2 (97th)
50,949 sq mi
-
Water (%)
0.8669
Population
-
2012 census
11,280,000 (77th)
-
Density
82/km2 (120th)
212/sq mi
GDP (PPP)
2014 estimate
-
Total
$271.308 billion (51st)
-
Per capita
$24,574 (41st)
GDP (nominal)
2014 estimate
-
Total
$249.449 billion (44th)
-
Per capita
$22,594 (37th)
Gini (2012)
34.3
medium
HDI (2013)
0.853
very high · 29th
Currency
Euro (€)b (EUR)
Time zone
EET (UTC+2)
-
Summer (DST)
EEST (UTC+3)
Date format
dd/mm/yyyy
Drives on the
right
Calling code
+30
ISO 3166 code
GR
Internet TLD
.grc
a.
Greek census results represent citizenship, since Greece does not collect data on ethnicity
b.
Before 2002, the Greek drachma.
c.
The .eu domain is also used, as in other European Union member states.
Greece (Greek: ????da, Elláda, pronounced ( listen)), officially the Hellenic Republic (???????? ??µ???at?a Elliniki´ Dimokratía) and known since ancient times as Hellas (/'h?l?s/; Greek: ?????), is a country in Southern Europe. According to the 2011 census, Greece's population is around 11 million. Athens is the nation's capital and largest city.Greece is strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Western Asia, and Africa, and shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north and Turkey to the northeast. The country consists of nine geographic regions: Macedonia, Central Greece, the Peloponnese, Thessaly, Epirus, the Aegean Islands (including the Dodecanese and Cyclades), Thrace, Crete, and the Ionian Islands. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km (8,498 mi) in length, featuring a vast number of islands (approximately 1,400, of which 227 are inhabited). Eighty percent of Greece consists of mountains, of which Mount Olympus is the highest, at 2,917 m (9,570 ft).Modern Greece traces its roots to the civilization of Ancient Greece, which began with the Aegean Civilizations of the Bronze Age. Considered the cradle of all Western civilization, Greece is the birthplace of democracy, Western philosophy, the Olympic Games, Western literature and historiography, political science, major scientific and mathematical principles, and Western drama, including both tragedy and comedy. The cultural and technological achievements of Greece greatly influenced the world, with many aspects of Greek civilization being imparted to the East through Alexander the Great's campaigns, and to the West through its incorporation into the Roman Empire. This rich legacy is partly reflected by the 18 UNESCO World Heritage Sites located in Greece, ranking it 6th in Europe and 13th in the world. The modern Greek state, which comprises most of the historical core of Greek civilization, was established in 1830 following the war of independence from the Ottoman Empire.Greece is a democratic, developed country with an advanced high-income economy, a high standard of living and a very high Human Development Index. Greece is a founding member of the United Nations, a member of what is now the European Union since 1981 (and the eurozone since 2001), and is also a member of numerous other international institutions, including the Council of Europe, NATO, OECD, OSCE and the WTO. Greece's economy is also the largest in the Balkans, where Greece is an important regional investor.
^ "Country Comparison: Area". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
^ "Announcement of the demographic and social characteristics of the revised Resident Population of Greece according to the 2012 Population – Housing Census." (PDF). Piraeus: Hellenic Statistical Authority. 20 March 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
^ "Announcement of the results of the 2011 Population Census for the Resident Population" (PDF). Piraeus: Hellenic Statistical Authority. 28 December 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
^ a b c d "Greece". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
^ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (source: SILC)". Eurostat Data Explorer. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
^ "2014 Human Development Report Summary". United Nations Development Programme. 2014. pp. 21–25. Retrieved 27 July 2014.
^ "Greece: Government". World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 15 March 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2007.
^ Stats (PDF), UN
^ Chrestos G. Kollias; Gülay Günlük-Senesen; Gülden Ayman (2003). Greece and Turkey in the 21st Century: Conflict Or Cooperation: a Political Economy Perspective. Nova Publishers. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-59033-753-0. Retrieved 12 April 2013. "Greece's Strategic Position In The Balkans And Eastern Mediterranean Greece is located at the crossroads of three continents (Europe, Asia and Africa). It is an integral part of the Balkans (where it is the only country that is a member of the ...)"
^ Christina Bratt Paulston; Scott F. Kiesling; Elizabeth S. Rangel (13 February 2012). The Handbook of Intercultural Discourse and Communication. John Wiley & Sons. p. 292. ISBN 978-1-4051-6272-2. Retrieved 12 April 2013. "Introduction Greece and Turkey are situated at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, the Middle East and Africa, and their inhabitants have had a long history of cultural interaction even though their languages are neither genetically nor typologically ..."
^ Caralampo Focas (2004). Transport Issues And Problems In Southeastern Europe. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-7546-1970-3. Retrieved 12 April 2013. "Greece itself shows a special geopolitical importance as it is situated at the crossroads of three continents – Europe, Asia and Africa – and can be therefore considered as a natural bridge between Europe and the Middle East"
^ Finley, Moses I. (1985). Democracy Ancient and Modern. 2d ed. London: Hogarth Press.
^ Copleston, Frederick. History of Philosophy, Volume 1.
^ Thomas Heath (1981). A History of Greek Mathematics. Courier Dover Publications. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-486-24073-2. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
^ Brockett, Oscar G. (1991) History of the Theatre (sixth edition). Boston; London: Allyn & Bacon.
^ Greece. "Greece". Freedom House. Retrieved 2014-04-23.
^ "Interactive Infographic of the World's Best Countries". Newsweek (New York). 15 August 2010. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
^ "The Economist Intelligence Unit's Quality-of-Life Index" (PDF). The Economist. 2005. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
^ "Human Development Index (HDI) – 2012 Rankings". 2013 Human Development Report. New York: United Nations Development Programme. 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
^ "Greece". Member States of the EU. European Union. Retrieved 7 April 2007.
^ Cite error: The named reference BalkanInsight was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Keridis was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Prof. Nicholas Economides Stern School of Business, New York University & Haas School of Business, UC Berkeley. "The Greek and EU Crisis for non-economists". "Largest economy than all rest of Balkans combined"
Cite error: There are tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
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