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Hipparcos
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Hipparcos
Mission type
Astrometric observatory
Operator
ESA
COSPAR ID
1989-062B
SATCAT ?
20169
Website
sci.esa.int/hipparcos/
Mission duration
4 years, 1 week
Spacecraft properties
Manufacturer
Alenia Spazio
Matra Marconi Space
Launch mass
1,140 kg (2,510 lb)
Dry mass
635 kg (1,400 lb)
Payload mass
210 kg (460 lb)
Power
295 watts
Start of mission
Launch date
23:25:53, August 8, 1989 (1989-08-08T23:25:53)
Rocket
Ariane 4 44LP (V-33/405)
Launch site
Kourou ELA-2
Contractor
Arianespace
End of mission
Disposal
decommissioned
Deactivated
August 15, 1993 (1993-08-15)
Orbital parameters
Reference system
Geocentric
Regime
Geostationary transfer orbit
Semi-major axis
24,519 km (15,235 mi)
Eccentricity
0.720
Perigee
500.3 km (310.9 mi)
Apogee
35,797.5 km (22,243.5 mi)
Inclination
6.84 degrees
Period
636.9 minutes
RAAN
72.93 degrees
Argument of perigee
161.89 degrees
Mean anomaly
250.97 degrees
Mean motion
2.26 rev/day
Epoch
16 June 2015, 13:45:39 UTC
Revolution number
17830
Main telescope
Type
Schmidt telescope
Diameter
29 cm (11 in)
Focal length
1.4 m (4.6 ft)
Wavelengths
visible light
Transponders
Band
S Band
Bandwidth
2-23kbit/s
Hipparcos was a scientific satellite of the European Space Agency (ESA), launched in 1989 and operated until 1993. It was the first space experiment devoted to precision astrometry, the accurate measurement of the positions of celestial objects on the sky. This permitted the accurate determination of proper motions and parallaxes of stars, allowing a determination of their distance and tangential velocity. When combined with radial-velocity measurements from spectroscopy, this pinpointed all six quantities needed to determine the motion of stars. The resulting Hipparcos Catalogue, a high-precision catalogue of more than 118,200 stars, was published in 1997. The lower-precision Tycho Catalogue of more than a million stars was published at the same time, while the enhanced Tycho-2 Catalogue of 2.5 million stars was published in 2000. Hipparcos??'? follow-up mission, Gaia, was launched in 2013.The word "Hipparcos" is an acronym for High precision parallax collecting satellite and also a reference to the ancient Greek astronomer Hipparchus of Nicaea, who is noted for applications of trigonometry to astronomy and his discovery of the precession of the equinoxes.
^ a b c d European Space Agency (June 1997). "The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues" (PDF). ESA. Retrieved 2014-06-16.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k "HIPPARCOS Satellite details 1989-062B NORAD 20169". N2YO. 16 June 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
^ Perryman, Michael (2010). Khanna, Ramon, ed. The Making of History's Greatest Star Map. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-11602-5. ISBN 9783642116018.
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