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Pythagoras
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Pythagoras (???a???a?)
Bust of Pythagoras of Samos in the Capitoline Museums, Rome
Full name
Pythagoras (???a???a?)
Born
c. 570 BC
Samos Island
Died
c. 495 BC (aged around 75)
Metapontum
Era
Ancient philosophy
Region
Western philosophy
School
Pythagoreanism
Main interests
Metaphysics, Music, Mathematics, Ethics, Politics
Notable ideas
Musica universalis, Golden ratio, Pythagorean tuning, Pythagorean theorem
Thales, Anaximander, Pherecydes
Philolaus, Alcmaeon, Parmenides, Plato, Euclid, Empedocles, Hippasus, Kepler
Pythagoras of Samos (Ancient Greek: ? ???a???a? ? S?µ??? Ho Pythagóras ho Sámios "Pythagoras the Samian", or simply ? ???a???a?; c. 570–c. 495 BC) was an Ionian Greek philosopher, mathematician, and founder of the religious movement called Pythagoreanism. Most of the information about Pythagoras was written down centuries after he lived, so very little reliable information is known about him. He was born on the island of Samos, and might have travelled widely in his youth, visiting Egypt and other places seeking knowledge. He had a teacher named Themistoclea, who introduced him to the principles of ethics. Around 530 BC, he moved to Croton, a Greek colony in southern Italy, and there set up a religious sect. His followers pursued the religious rites and practices developed by Pythagoras, and studied his philosophical theories. The society took an active role in the politics of Croton, but this eventually led to their downfall. The Pythagorean meeting-places were burned, and Pythagoras was forced to flee the city. He is said to have ended his days in Metapontum.Pythagoras made influential contributions to philosophy and religious teaching in the late 6th century BC. He is often revered as a great mathematician, mystic and scientist, but he is best known for the Pythagorean theorem which bears his name. However, because legend and obfuscation cloud his work even more than with the other pre-Socratic philosophers, one can give account of his teachings to a little extent, and some have questioned whether he contributed much to mathematics and natural philosophy. Many of the accomplishments credited to Pythagoras may actually have been accomplishments of his colleagues and successors. Whether or not his disciples believed that everything was related to mathematics and that numbers were the ultimate reality is unknown. It was said that he was the first man to call himself a philosopher, or lover of wisdom, and Pythagorean ideas exercised a marked influence on Plato, and through him, all of Western philosophy.
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