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Philosophy of science

This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. (Consider using more specific cleanup instructions.) Please help improve this article if you can. The talk page may contain suggestions. (January 2011) Part of a series on Science Mathematics Mathematical logic Mathematical statistics Computer science Physics Applied physics · Atomic physics Computational physics Condensed matter physics Experimental physics · Mechanics Nuclear physics Particle physics · Plasma physics Quantum mechanics (introduction) Solid mechanics · Theoretical physics Thermodynamics · Entropy General relativity · M-theory Special relativity Chemistry Acid-base reaction theories · Alchemy Analytical chemistry · Astrochemistry Biochemistry · Crystallography Environmental chemistry · Food science Geochemistry · Green chemistry Inorganic chemistry · Materials science Molecular physics · Nuclear chemistry Organic chemistry · Photochemistry Physical chemistry · Radiochemistry Solid-state chemistry · Stereochemistry Supramolecular chemistry Surface science · Theoretical chemistry Astronomy Astrophysics · Cosmology Galactic astronomy · Planetary geology Planetary science · Stellar astronomy Earth sciences Atmospheric sciences · Ecology Environmental science · Geodesy Geology · Geomorphology Geophysics · Glaciology · Hydrology Limnology · Mineralogy · Oceanography Paleoclimatology · Palynology Physical geography · Soil science Space science Biology Anatomy · Astrobiology · Biochemistry Biogeography · Biological engineering · Biophysics Behavioral neuroscience · Biotechnology Botany · Cell biology · Conservation biology · Cryobiology Developmental biology Ecology · Ethnobiology Evolutionary biology (introduction) Genetics (introduction) Gerontology · Immunology · Limnology Marine biology · Microbiology Molecular biology · Neuroscience Paleontology · Parasitology · Physiology Radiobiology · Soil biology Systematics · Theoretical biology Toxicology · Zoology Social and Behavioural sciences Anthropology · Archaeology Criminology · Demography Economics · Human geography History · Linguistics Political science · Psychology Sociology Engineering Agricultural · Aerospace · Biomedical Chemical · Civil · Computer Electrical · Fire protection · Genetic Industrial · Mechanical · Military Mining · Nuclear · Operations research Robotics · Software Healthcare sciences Biological engineering · Dentistry Epidemiology · Health care · Medicine Nursing · Pharmacy · Social work Veterinary medicine Interdisciplinarity Applied physics · Artificial intelligence Bioethics · Bioinformatics · Biogeography Biomedical engineering · Biostatistics Cognitive science · Computational linguistics Cultural studies · Cybernetics Environmental studies · Ethnic studies Evolutionary psychology · Forestry Geography · Health Library science · Logic Mathematical biology · Mathematical physics Scientific modelling · Neural engineering Neuroscience · Political economy Science and technology studies Science studies · Semiotics · Sociobiology Systems theory · Transdisciplinarity Urban planning Scientific method History of science Philosophy of science Science policy Humanities Fringe science Pseudoscience v d e The philosophy of science is concerned with the assumptions, foundations, methods and implications of science. It is also concerned with the use and merit of science and sometimes overlaps metaphysics and epistemology by exploring whether scientific results are actually a study of truth. In addition to these central problems of science as a whole, many philosophers of science also consider problems that apply to particular sciences (e.g. philosophy of biology or philosophy of physics). Some philosophers of science also use contemporary results in science to reach conclusions about philosophy.Philosophy of science has historically been met with mixed response from the scientific community. Though scientists often contribute to the field, many prominent scientists have felt that the practical effect on their work is limited: “Philosophy of science is about as useful to scientists as ornithology is to birds,” according to physicist Richard Feynman. In response to Feynman's quip, some philosophers (e.g. Jonathan Schaffer) have pointed out that it is likely that ornithological knowledge would be of great benefit to birds, were it possible for them to possess it. Cite error: There are tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{Reflist}} template or a tag; see the help page.
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