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Nitric acid
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API
Nitric acid
Identifiers
CAS number
7697-37-2 Y
PubChem
944
ChemSpider
919 Y
UNII
411VRN1TV4 Y
EC number
231-714-2
UN number
2031
KEGG
D02313 Y
MeSH
Nitric+acid
ChEBI
CHEBI:48107 Y
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1352 Y
RTECS number
QU5775000
Gmelin Reference
1576
3DMet
B00068
Jmol-3D images
Image 1
Image 2
(=O)(O)
ON(=O)=O
InChI=1S/HNO3/c2-1(3)4/h(H,2,3,4) Y
Key: GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
InChI=1/HNO3/c2-1(3)4/h(H,2,3,4)
Key: GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYAO
Properties
Molecular formula
HNO3
Molar mass
63.01 g mol-1
Appearance
Colorless liquid
Density
1.5129 g cm-3
Melting point
-42 °C, 231 K, -44 °F
Boiling point
83 °C, 356 K, 181 °F (68% solution boils at 121 °C)
Solubility in water
Completely miscible
Acidity (pKa)
-1.4
Refractive index (nD)
1.397 (16.5 °C)
Dipole moment
2.17 ± 0.02 D
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of
formation ?fHo298
-207 kJ·mol-1
Standard molar
entropy So298
146 J·mol-1·K-1
Hazards
MSDS
ICSC 0183
PCTL Safety Website
EU Index
007-004-00-1
EU classification
C O
R-phrases
R8 R35
S-phrases
(S1/2) S23 S26 S36 S45
NFPA 704
Flash point
Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions
Nitrous acid
Other cations
Sodium nitrate
Potassium nitrate
Ammonium nitrate
Related compounds
Dinitrogen pentoxide
Y (verify) (what is: Y/N?)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references
Nitric acid (HNO3), also known as aqua fortis and spirit of niter, is a highly corrosive strong mineral acid. The pure compound is colorless, but older samples tend to acquire a yellow cast due to decomposition into oxides of nitrogen and water. Most commercially available nitric acid has a concentration of 68%. When the solution contains more than 86% HNO3, it is referred to as fuming nitric acid. Depending on the amount of nitrogen dioxide present, fuming nitric acid is further characterized as white fuming nitric acid or red fuming nitric acid, at concentrations above 95%. Nitric acid is the primary reagent used for nitration - the addition of a nitro group, typically to an organic molecule. While some resulting nitro compounds are shock- and thermally-sensitive explosives, a few are stable enough to be used in munitions and demolition, while others are still more stable and used as pigments in inks and dyes. Nitric acid is also commonly used as a strong oxidizing agent.
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