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Documentary hypothesis
} The documentary hypothesis (DH), sometimes called the Wellhausen hypothesis, proposes that the Pentateuch (the first five books of the Bible) was derived from originally independent, parallel and complete narratives, which were subsequently combined into the current form by a series of redactors (editors). The number of these narratives is usually set at four, but the precise number is not an essential part of the hypothesis.The hypothesis was developed in the 18th and 19th centuries from the attempt to reconcile perceived inconsistencies in the biblical text. By the end of the 19th century it was generally agreed that there were four main sources, combined into their final form by a series of redactors, R. These four sources came to be known as the Yahwist, or Jahwist, J (J being the German equivalent of the English letter Y); the Elohist, E; the Deuteronomist, D, (the name comes from the Book of Deuteronomy, D's contribution to the Torah); and the Priestly Writer, P.The contribution of Julius Wellhausen, a Christian theologian and biblical scholar, was to order these sources chronologically as JEDP, giving them a coherent setting in a notional evolving religious history of Israel, which he saw as one of ever-increasing priestly power. Wellhausen's formulation was:* the Yahwist source (J) : written c. 950 BCE in the southern Kingdom of Judah.* the Elohist source (E) : written c. 850 BCE in the northern Kingdom of Israel.* the Deuteronomist (D) : written c. 600 BCE in Jerusalem during a period of religious reform.* the Priestly source (P) : written c. 500 BCE by Kohanim (Jewish priests) in exile in Babylon.While the hypothesis has been critiqued and challenged by other models, especially in the last part of the 20th century, its terminology and insights continue to provide the framework for modern theories on the composite nature and origins of the Torah and Bible compilation in general. Part of a series on The Bible Canons Books Tanakh Torah Nevi'im Ketuvim Christian biblical canons Hebrew Bible Old Testament (OT) New Testament (NT) Deuterocanon Antilegomena Chapters and verses Apocrypha Jewish OT NT Authorship Development Authorship Hebrew canon Old Testament canon New Testament canon Mosaic authorship Pauline epistles Petrine epistles Johannine works Translations Manuscripts Samaritan Torah Dead Sea scrolls Masoretic text Targumim Peshitta Septuagint Vulgate Gothic Bible Vetus Latina Luther Bible English Bibles Archeology Artifacts Dating Historicity Internal consistency People Places Names Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Wiseman hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Science and the Bible Biblical criticism Historical Textual Source Form Redaction Canonical Hermeneutics Pesher Midrash Pardes Allegorical interpretation Literalism Prophecy Inspiration Gnostic Islamic Qur'anic Inerrancy Infallibility Criticism of the Bible  Bible book    Bible portal v t e ^ A Basic Vocabulary of Biblical Studies For Beginning Students: A Work in Progress, Fred L. Horton, Kenneth G. Hoglund, and Mary F. Foskett, Wake Forest University, 2007 ^ Cassuto, Umberto (2006). The Documentary Hypothesis. Jerusalem: Shalem Press. p. 167. ISBN 9789657052358.  ^ Allis, Oswald (2001). The 5 Books of Moses. Oregon: Wipf & Stock. p. 368. ISBN 9781579108519.  ^ Wenham, Gordon. "Pentateuchal Studies Today," Themelios 22.1 (October 1996)
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